Finansal enstr\u00fcman ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile fiyat de\u011fi\u015fimlerinden getiri sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla birikimlerin sermaye piyasalar\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesidir. Birikimlerin farkl\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lara g\u00f6re, de\u011fi\u015fken risk i\u015ftah\u0131 ile belirli vadelerde \u00e7e\u015fitli yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Finansal sistemde ki finansal yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilmektedir. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re sermaye piyasas\u0131<\/a> ara\u00e7lar\u0131 son y\u0131llarda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir geli\u015fim g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Yat\u0131r\u0131m amac\u0131 her zaman k\u00e2r g\u00fctme hedefi ta\u015f\u0131mayabilir. Finansal yat\u0131r\u0131mlar bazen korunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 olabilir, bazen de arbitraj i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n Finansal yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 iki ana ba\u015fl\u0131kta s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n Para piyasas\u0131, 1 y\u0131ldan az k\u0131sa vadeli menkul k\u0131ymetlerin al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir piyasad\u0131r. Fon arz edenler ile fon talep edenler aras\u0131nda likidite fazlas\u0131 olanlar faiz geliri, likidite a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar\u0131n ise faiz \u00f6dedi\u011fi piyasad\u0131r. Para piyasas\u0131nda i\u015flem g\u00f6ren menkul k\u0131ymetleri TL ve d\u00f6viz piyasalar\u0131 olarak ay\u0131rabiliriz. TL para piyasas\u0131n\u0131, TCMB para piyasas\u0131, Borsa \u0130stanbul-Takasbank para piyasas\u0131 ve Bankalararas\u0131 para piyasas\u0131 ile d\u00f6viz para piyasas\u0131n\u0131 benzer \u015fekilde TCMB d\u00f6viz ve efektif piyasalar\u0131, bankalararas\u0131 serbest d\u00f6viz piyasas\u0131 ve serbest d\u00f6viz piyasas\u0131 olarak alt gruplar halinde s\u0131ralayabiliriz. Para piyasas\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde Banka Mevduatlar\u0131, Hazine Bonosu, Finansman Bonosu, Banka Bonolar\u0131, Repo, Ters Repo, Yat\u0131r\u0131m Fonu Kat\u0131l\u0131m Paylar\u0131 ve Varl\u0131\u011fa Dayal\u0131 Menkul K\u0131ymetleri olarak s\u0131ralayabiliriz.<\/p>\n Sermaye Piyasas\u0131 Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ise vadesi 1 y\u0131ldan daha uzun, menkul k\u0131ymet ve di\u011fer sermaye piyasas\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olarak bor\u00e7 veya ortakl\u0131k ifade eden finansal yat\u0131r\u0131m enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Hisse Senetleri, Hisse Senedi T\u00fcrevleri, Devlet ve \u00d6zel Sekt\u00f6r Tahvilleri, Tahvil T\u00fcrevleri, Eurobond, \u0130pote\u011fe Dayal\u0131 Menkul K\u0131ymetler, Opsiyon S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ve Vadeli \u0130\u015flemler, Gayrimenkul Sertifikalar\u0131, Teminatl\u0131 Menkul K\u0131ymetler, Kira Sertifikalar\u0131, Yabanc\u0131 Sermaye Piyasas\u0131 Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 sermaye piyasas\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar finansal piyasalarda yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparken k\u0131sa vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in para piyasalar\u0131n\u0131, uzun vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in sermaye piyasas\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tercih etmektedirler. Para piyasalar\u0131 sermaye ara\u00e7lar\u0131na nazaran daha likittir. Fon arz\u0131 edenler genellikle piyasadaki riskleri forward, future ve opsiyon gibi sermaye piyasas\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile hedge etmektedirler. Fon sahibi \u00e7o\u011fu nakit fazlas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n elbette ki asli amac\u0131 sahip oldu\u011fu birikimin de\u011ferini artt\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde onlarca sermaye piyasas\u0131 arac\u0131ndan hangisini se\u00e7ip hangisine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapaca\u011f\u0131 ise ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir soru i\u015faretidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc nihayetinde yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck riskliden y\u00fcksek riskli gruba do\u011fru s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r. Mevduat ile faiz geliri, repo-ters repo, tahvil veya bono gibi bor\u00e7lanma ara\u00e7lar\u0131 en risksiz yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda getirisi garantili yat\u0131r\u0131mlard\u0131r. Risk \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmakla birlikte enflasyon sonras\u0131nda reel getirisi de son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Di\u011fer taraftan \u00f6zellikle bir \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 getiri elde etmek i\u00e7in riskli yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tercih edebilmektedir. Y\u00fcksek risk sayesinde y\u00fcksek getiri elde edilebilece\u011fi gibi y\u00fcksek risk, beraberinde y\u00fcksek kay\u0131plar\u0131 da getirebilir.<\/p>\n Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar, finansal piyasalara yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparken, yat\u0131r\u0131m yapacaklar\u0131 enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi tan\u0131malar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Her yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131, bir \u00e7ok yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131ya uygun de\u011fildir. Bu y\u00fczden bu noktada yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar etkin bir portf\u00f6y da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir portf\u00f6y y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n finansal entelekt\u00fcel kapasitelerini son derece \u00fcst d\u00fczeye art\u0131rmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnleri tan\u0131y\u0131p kendi risk profillerine g\u00f6re \u00fcr\u00fcn se\u00e7meleri dahi pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan yeterli de\u011fildir. Risklerin bilinmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra etkin Risk Y\u00f6netim yapabilmek daha \u00f6nemlidir. Bu beceriyi edinmek hi\u00e7 de kolay de\u011fildir. Yeterli bilgi ve donan\u0131ma sahip olabilmek i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n uzun bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve deneyime sahip olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Aksi halde finansal yat\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda getiri elde etmekten ziyade kay\u0131plar ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n Finansal Y\u00f6netim Nedir?<\/a> Finansman Bonosu Nedir<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Finansal enstr\u00fcman ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile fiyat de\u011fi\u015fimlerinden getiri sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla birikimlerin sermaye piyasalar\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesidir. Birikimlerin farkl\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lara g\u00f6re, de\u011fi\u015fken risk i\u015ftah\u0131 ile belirli vadelerde \u00e7e\u015fitli yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Finansal sistemde ki finansal yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilmektedir. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re sermaye piyasas\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 son y\u0131llarda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir geli\u015fim g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Yat\u0131r\u0131m amac\u0131 her zaman…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2311,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[160,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yatirim","category-makaleler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2310"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3939,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2310\/revisions\/3939"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n