Yat\u0131r\u0131m<\/a> yaparak de\u011ferlendirmek isteyen bireyler i\u00e7in iki se\u00e7enek mevcuttur.
\n1- Sermaye Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131
\n2- Finansal Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar<\/p>\nSermaye Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h2>\n
Sermaye Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 genellikle sabit de\u011ferlere veya varl\u0131klara yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlard\u0131r. Sabit de\u011ferlere \u00f6rnek olarak bireyler e\u011fer tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131 bir giri\u015fimcilikle bir i\u015fletme kurarak makina, yap\u0131 tesisleri, donan\u0131m ve te\u00e7hizat gibi sermaye mallar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparak kalk\u0131nma odakl\u0131 m\u00fcte\u015febbis olabilirler. \u0130\u015fletmeye yat\u0131r\u0131lan bu finansman kayna\u011f\u0131 neticesinde \u00fcretim veya verilen hizmet ile elde edilen k\u00e2r tekrardan parasal sermayeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011finden yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 elde etti\u011fi k\u00e2rlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yine tasarruflar\u0131na ay\u0131rabilecektir. Varl\u0131klara yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ise daha ziyade bir menkul k\u0131ymet ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131na yani ev, arsa gibi gayrimenkullere yap\u0131lan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Finansal Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n
Finansal Yat\u0131r\u0131m ise finansal enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 kullanarak eldeki tasarruflar\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile de\u011ferlendirme yoludur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Finansal Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin de\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fimlerinden k\u00e2r elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Burada esas olan hedef tasarruf olan sermayeyi artt\u0131rmakt\u0131r.
\nTabi burada yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, finansal yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparken \u00f6nce baz\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m kararlar\u0131 almas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin hangi vadede bir yat\u0131r\u0131m yapaca\u011f\u0131m, ne kadar risk alaca\u011f\u0131m, hangi yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve finansal enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131m gibi sorular\u0131 cevaplamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Her yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 kendisine g\u00f6re strateji belirlemelidir. Bu noktada yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n kendisini iyi tan\u0131mas\u0131 yani profilini iyi bir bi\u00e7imde belirlemesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
HANG\u0130 VADEYE \u0130\u015eLEM YAPACA\u011eIM?<\/h3>\n
En iyi profil, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n hangi vadeye i\u015flem yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Vade se\u00e7imi ayn\u0131 zamanda yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak isteyece\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de belirler. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar genellikle 3 ana profilde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6stermektedirler. Bunlar K\u0131sa Vadeli Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, Orta Vadeli Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 ve Uzun Vadeli Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 olarak ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
K\u0131sa Vadeli Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar genellikle daha \u00e7ok al\u0131m-sat\u0131m yaparak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fiyat de\u011fi\u015fimlerinden para kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. En k\u0131sa vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 tipi g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde bir \u00e7ok defa i\u015flem yapan ve g\u00fcn sonunda t\u00fcm pozisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131p bir sonraki g\u00fcne pozisyon ta\u015f\u0131mayan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lard\u0131r. Bu tip yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar Day Trader olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn i\u00e7i al-sat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pozisyon al\u0131p 3-5 g\u00fcn hatta 3-4 hafta ta\u015f\u0131yan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar yine k\u0131sa vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 1 g\u00fcn \u2013 1 Ay s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde ta\u015f\u0131nan pozisyonlar K\u0131sa Vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Orta Vadeli Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar ise pozisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 1 aydan fazla s\u00fcre ile ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Ancak pozisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 genellikle 3 ila 12 ay s\u00fcresi boyunca ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 tercih ederler. Genellikle 1 y\u0131l\u0131 doldurmadan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 pozisyonlar\u0131 realize etmeyi tercih ederler.<\/p>\n
Uzun Vadeli Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 tipi ise 1 y\u0131ldan fazla pozisyon ta\u015f\u0131yanlar\u0131n grubudur.
\nBu noktada \u015funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmek gerekir ki, vade s\u00fcreleri yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flem yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m Ara\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Forex piyasas\u0131 i\u00e7in K\u0131sa Vade 1 g\u00fcn-1 Ay, Orta Vade 1 Ay-3 Ay ve Uzun Vade 3 Ay-6 Ay olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken, Hisse Senedi piyasas\u0131nda K\u0131sa Vade 1 g\u00fcn-1 Ay, Orta Vade 1 Ay-6 Ay, Uzun Vade 6 Ay-1 Y\u0131l, Tahvil-Bono piyasas\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131m yapanlar i\u00e7in K\u0131sa Vade 1 Ay-3 Ay, Orta vade 3 Ay- 2 y\u0131l, Uzun Vade 2 Y\u0131l- 5 Y\u0131l olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her finansal piyasa i\u00e7in vade format\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
NE KADAR R\u0130SK ALACA\u011eIM?<\/h3>\n
Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar profillerini belirledikten sonra elbetti ki parasal durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re risklerini belirleyecektir. Risk belirleme s\u00fcrecinde ki\u015fisel fakt\u00f6rler, ya\u015f ve yat\u0131r\u0131m hedefi de i\u015fin i\u00e7ine girmekte. Risk almak ki\u015finin karakteristik \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterebilir. Baz\u0131 ki\u015filik \u00f6zellikleri kesinlikle risk i\u015ftah\u0131na sahip de\u011fildirler. Para kaybetmekten \u00e7ok korkarlar ve tercih ettikleri yat\u0131r\u0131m enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ise bir hayl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck getirili \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir. Baz\u0131 ki\u015filer ise risk almaktan hi\u00e7 korkmaz ve cesur bir \u00f6zg\u00fcven deste\u011fi ile risk alma iste\u011fi \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r. T\u00fcrev \u00fcr\u00fcnler ise risk i\u015ftah\u0131 en kabar\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn talebine cevap vermektedir. \u00d6zellikle kald\u0131ra\u00e7l\u0131 piyasalarda i\u015flem yapan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar en riskli \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00fczerinde i\u015flem yapmaktan asla vazge\u00e7mezler. Ya\u015f, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n risk i\u015ftah\u0131 konusunda ki en belirgin fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Ya\u015f\u0131 20-30 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 profilinde risk alman\u0131n y\u00fcksek bir d\u00fczeyde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu ya\u015f grubu en riskli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde i\u015flem yapmay\u0131 tercih ederler. Genellikle ya hep, ya hi\u00e7 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 g\u00fcderler. 30-40 ya\u015f grubu aras\u0131ndaki yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n piyasa bilinci ve tecr\u00fcbesi ile risk d\u00fczeylerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fckleri g\u00f6zlemlenir. Ancak yinede K\u0131sa vadeli pozisyonlarda kalmay\u0131 tercih ederler. 40-50 Ya\u015f grubu yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 aile kavram\u0131n\u0131n da geli\u015fimiyle birlikte tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fcklerine daha az riskli \u00fcr\u00fcnleri tercih ettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu ya\u015f gurubu Orta Vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 profilinin tipik \u00f6rne\u011fidir. 50-60 ya\u015f grubundaki insanlar ise yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda risk almay\u0131 genellikle red derler. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck getirili ve uzun vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 en fazla tercih eden yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 grubunu olu\u015ftururlar.<\/p>\n
HANG\u0130 YATIRIM ARA\u00c7LARINI KULLANACA\u011eIM?<\/h3>\n
Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 profilini ve Risk gurubunu belirleyen yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 i\u00e7in hangi yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde i\u015flem yapaca\u011f\u0131 konusu daha basit bir hal al\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde finansal piyasalarda yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski geleneksel yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra son y\u0131llarda t\u00fcrev piyasalar\u0131n geli\u015fimiyle birlikte yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise y\u00fczlerce finansal enstr\u00fcman yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in se\u00e7enek olarak durmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Yat\u0131r\u0131m Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ralarsak;<\/p>\n
Tahvil-Bono- Likit Fon, Repo, Mevduat<\/h4>\n
Risk i\u015ftah\u0131 son derece az olan, y\u00fcksek ya\u015f profilinde ve uzun vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 tercih eden yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar genellikle Devlet Tahvili ve Bono gibi sabit getirili menkul k\u0131ymet ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tercih ederler. Bu ka\u011f\u0131tlar devlet hazinesi taraf\u0131ndan ihra\u00e7 edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in son derece g\u00fcvenilirdir. Faiz geliri biraz daha y\u00fcksek olan \u00d6zel Sekt\u00f6r bor\u00e7lanma ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 ise yine uzun vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n en \u00e7ok tercih etti\u011fi yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. Likit fon, Repo ve mevduat gibi k\u0131sa vadeli ka\u011f\u0131tlar ise tasarruflar\u0131n enflasyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011ferini korumas\u0131 ad\u0131na tercih edilen yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.<\/p>\n
Hisse Senetleri<\/h4>\n
Hisse Senetleri piyasas\u0131 uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r geni\u015f kitlelerin tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131 orta ve uzun vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131ma \u00e7evirdi\u011fi \u00f6nemli yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131ndan biridir. Borsa \u0130stanbul\u2019da 500\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerindeki \u015firkete yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparak diledi\u011finiz \u015firkete ortak olabilirsiniz. Hisse senetleri ile \u015firketlerin k\u00e2r paylar\u0131ndan yararlanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Vadeli \u0130\u015flem ve Opsiyon Piyasas\u0131<\/h4>\n
VIOP olarak bilinen Vadeli \u0130\u015flem ve Opsiyon Piyasas\u0131 i\u015flemleri pek \u00e7ok yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n spek\u00fclatif, hedge ve arbitraj i\u015flemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi piyasad\u0131r. Risk i\u015ftah\u0131 hisse senetleri piyasas\u0131na g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksektir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 ilk kez kald\u0131ra\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015flem \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ile bu piyasada tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. H\u0131zl\u0131 fiyat de\u011fi\u015fimleri sonucunda riskten korunma i\u015flemlerini yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar geni\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcn yelpazesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirler.<\/p>\n
Forex<\/h4>\n
Son y\u0131llarda olduk\u00e7a pop\u00fcler bir yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131 olan Forex ile d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131labilirsiniz. Kald\u0131rac\u0131n 2017 \u015eubat \u00f6ncesinde 1:100 oldu\u011fu piyasada D\u00f6viz \u00c7iftleri, Emtia, borsa endeksleri gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck para ile y\u00fcksek kald\u0131rac\u0131n etkisiyle yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc. SPK\u2019n\u0131n son mevzuat\u0131 nedeniyle kald\u0131ra\u00e7 oranlar\u0131 1:10 seviyesine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olsa bile hala risk i\u015ftah\u0131 y\u00fcksek olan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 kitlesinin en pop\u00fcler yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrev \u00dcr\u00fcnler<\/h4>\n
D\u00fcnya ticaretine konu olan bir d\u00f6viz, emtia ve mal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden t\u00fcretilerek OTC- Tezgah\u00fcst\u00fc i\u015flem veya organize vadeli i\u015flem ve opsiyon piyasalar\u0131nda i\u015flem g\u00f6ren T\u00fcrev \u00dcr\u00fcnler finansal piyasalarda y\u00fcksek bilgi d\u00fczeyine olan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7indir. Parite, Emtia, Borsa Endeksleri, ETF\u2019ler ve Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 Hisse Senetlerinin de oldu\u011fu bu grup \u00f6zellikle yine y\u00fcksek risk y\u00fcksek getiri elde etmek isteyen yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n tercih etti\u011fi yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. T\u00fcrev \u00dcr\u00fcn s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ile yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 olma heyecan\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayabilir.<\/p>\n
Siz de bu deneyimi ya\u015famak i\u00e7in T\u00fcrev \u00dcr\u00fcnler<\/strong> ile K\u00fcresel Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 olabilirsiniz.<\/p>\nKendinize en uygun yat\u0131r\u0131m piyasas\u0131n\u0131 umar\u0131m se\u00e7ebilmi\u015fsinizdir, herkesin yat\u0131r\u0131m stili ve stratejisi farkl\u0131d\u0131r yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kendinize g\u00f6re d\u00fczenleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yat\u0131r\u0131m, birikimlerin gelir sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kal\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 demektir. T\u00fcketimden fark\u0131 ise kaynak ya da de\u011ferin i\u015flem sonunda t\u00fckenmemesidir. Bireyler elde ettikleri gelirden sonra ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in gelirlerinin belli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketirler. T\u00fcketilen k\u0131s\u0131mdan arta kalan k\u0131s\u0131m ise tasarruf olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu birey ise tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cyat\u0131r\u0131m\u201d ile de\u011ferlendirmek ister. Peki yat\u0131r\u0131m nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r diye merak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[160,161],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yatirim","category-forex"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2179"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2513,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2179\/revisions\/2513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}